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Version 12

Data Analysis with Python: Zero to Pandas - Course Project Guidelines

(remove this cell before submission)

Important links:

This is the starter notebook for the course project for Data Analysis with Python: Zero to Pandas. You will pick a real-world dataset of your choice and apply the concepts learned in this course to perform exploratory data analysis. Use this starter notebook as an outline for your project . Focus on documentation and presentation - this Jupyter notebook will also serve as a project report, so make sure to include detailed explanations wherever possible using Markdown cells.

Evaluation Criteria

Your submission will be evaluated using the following criteria:

  • Dataset must contain at least 3 columns and 150 rows of data
  • You must ask and answer at least 4 questions about the dataset
  • Your submission must include at least 4 visualizations (graphs)
  • Your submission must include explanations using markdown cells, apart from the code.
  • Your work must not be plagiarized i.e. copy-pasted for somewhere else.

Follow this step-by-step guide to work on your project.

Step 1: Select a real-world dataset

Here's some sample code for downloading the US Elections Dataset:

import opendatasets as od
dataset_url = 'https://www.kaggle.com/tunguz/us-elections-dataset'
od.download('https://www.kaggle.com/tunguz/us-elections-dataset')

You can find a list of recommended datasets here: https://jovian.ml/forum/t/recommended-datasets-for-course-project/11711

Step 2: Perform data preparation & cleaning

  • Load the dataset into a data frame using Pandas
  • Explore the number of rows & columns, ranges of values etc.
  • Handle missing, incorrect and invalid data
  • Perform any additional steps (parsing dates, creating additional columns, merging multiple dataset etc.)

Step 3: Perform exploratory analysis & visualization

  • Compute the mean, sum, range and other interesting statistics for numeric columns
  • Explore distributions of numeric columns using histograms etc.
  • Explore relationship between columns using scatter plots, bar charts etc.
  • Make a note of interesting insights from the exploratory analysis

Step 4: Ask & answer questions about the data

  • Ask at least 4 interesting questions about your dataset
  • Answer the questions either by computing the results using Numpy/Pandas or by plotting graphs using Matplotlib/Seaborn
  • Create new columns, merge multiple dataset and perform grouping/aggregation wherever necessary
  • Wherever you're using a library function from Pandas/Numpy/Matplotlib etc. explain briefly what it does

Step 5: Summarize your inferences & write a conclusion

  • Write a summary of what you've learned from the analysis
  • Include interesting insights and graphs from previous sections
  • Share ideas for future work on the same topic using other relevant datasets
  • Share links to resources you found useful during your analysis

Step 6: Make a submission & share your work

(Optional) Step 7: Write a blog post

Example Projects

Refer to these projects for inspiration:

NOTE: Remove this cell containing the instructions before making your submission. You can do using the "Edit > Delete Cells" menu option.

Project Title - change this

TODO - Write some introduction about your project here: describe the dataset, where you got it from, what you're trying to do with it, and which tools & techniques you're using. You can also mention about the course Data Analysis with Python: Zero to Pandas, and what you've learned from it.

How to run the code

This is an executable Jupyter notebook hosted on Jovian.ml, a platform for sharing data science projects. You can run and experiment with the code in a couple of ways: using free online resources (recommended) or on your own computer.

Option 1: Running using free online resources (1-click, recommended)

The easiest way to start executing this notebook is to click the "Run" button at the top of this page, and select "Run on Binder". This will run the notebook on mybinder.org, a free online service for running Jupyter notebooks. You can also select "Run on Colab" or "Run on Kaggle".

Option 2: Running on your computer locally

  1. Install Conda by following these instructions. Add Conda binaries to your system PATH, so you can use the conda command on your terminal.

  2. Create a Conda environment and install the required libraries by running these commands on the terminal:

conda create -n zerotopandas -y python=3.8 
conda activate zerotopandas
pip install jovian jupyter numpy pandas matplotlib seaborn opendatasets --upgrade
  1. Press the "Clone" button above to copy the command for downloading the notebook, and run it on the terminal. This will create a new directory and download the notebook. The command will look something like this:
jovian clone notebook-owner/notebook-id
  1. Enter the newly created directory using cd directory-name and start the Jupyter notebook.
jupyter notebook

You can now access Jupyter's web interface by clicking the link that shows up on the terminal or by visiting http://localhost:8888 on your browser. Click on the notebook file (it has a .ipynb extension) to open it.

Downloading the Dataset

TODO - add some explanation here

Instructions for downloading the dataset (delete this cell)

In [3]:
!pip install jovian opendatasets --upgrade --quiet

Let's begin by downloading the data, and listing the files within the dataset.

In [4]:
# Change this
dataset_url = 'https://www.kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/covid19-in-india'
In [5]:
import opendatasets as od
od.download(dataset_url)
Please provide your Kaggle credentials to download this dataset. Learn more: http://bit.ly/kaggle-creds Your Kaggle username: abhijeetraj22 Your Kaggle Key: ········
100%|██████████| 147k/147k [00:00<00:00, 33.3MB/s]
Downloading covid19-in-india.zip to ./covid19-in-india

The dataset has been downloaded and extracted.

In [6]:
# Change this
data_dir = './covid19-in-india'
In [7]:
import os
os.listdir(data_dir)
Out[7]:
['covid_19_india.csv', 'StatewiseTestingDetails.csv']

Let us save and upload our work to Jovian before continuing.

In [8]:
project_name = "zerotopandas-course-project-covid19-in-india" # change this (use lowercase letters and hyphens only)
In [9]:
!pip install jovian --upgrade -q
In [10]:
import jovian
In [11]:
jovian.commit(project=project_name)
[jovian] Attempting to save notebook.. [jovian] Please enter your API key ( from https://jovian.ml/ ): API KEY: ········ [jovian] Updating notebook "abhijeetraj22/zerotopandas-course-project-covid19-in-india" on https://jovian.ml/ [jovian] Uploading notebook.. [jovian] Capturing environment.. [jovian] Committed successfully! https://jovian.ml/abhijeetraj22/zerotopandas-course-project-covid19-in-india
Out[11]:
'https://jovian.ml/abhijeetraj22/zerotopandas-course-project-covid19-in-india'

Data Preparation and Cleaning

TODO - Write some explanation here.

Instructions (delete this cell):

  • Load the dataset into a data frame using Pandas
  • Explore the number of rows & columns, ranges of values etc.
  • Handle missing, incorrect and invalid data
  • Perform any additional steps (parsing dates, creating additional columns, merging multiple dataset etc.)
In [12]:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#import datetime
In [47]:
covid_india_df = pd.read_csv(data_dir + '/covid_19_india.csv')
In [48]:
covid_india_df
Out[48]:
In [49]:
covid_india_df.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'> RangeIndex: 7086 entries, 0 to 7085 Data columns (total 9 columns): # Column Non-Null Count Dtype --- ------ -------------- ----- 0 Sno 7086 non-null int64 1 Date 7086 non-null object 2 Time 7086 non-null object 3 State/UnionTerritory 7086 non-null object 4 ConfirmedIndianNational 7086 non-null object 5 ConfirmedForeignNational 7086 non-null object 6 Cured 7086 non-null int64 7 Deaths 7086 non-null int64 8 Confirmed 7086 non-null int64 dtypes: int64(4), object(5) memory usage: 498.4+ KB
In [50]:
covid_india_df.describe()
Out[50]:
In [51]:
#Drop Lat & Long
covid_india_df.drop(['ConfirmedIndianNational', 'ConfirmedForeignNational','Sno'], inplace=True, axis=1)

#Rename Cured to Recovered
covid_india_df.rename(columns = {'Cured':'Recovered'}, inplace = True) 
#Rename State/UnionTerritory to Province_State
covid_india_df.rename(columns = {'State/UnionTerritory':'Province_State'}, inplace = True) 

#Date format change
covid_india_df['Date'] = pd.to_datetime(covid_india_df['Date'],format='%d/%m/%y').dt.date
In [52]:
#Add New Cases
covid_india_df['Prev_Confirmed'] = covid_india_df.groupby('Province_State')['Confirmed'].shift(1)
covid_india_df['New Cases'] = covid_india_df['Confirmed'] - covid_india_df['Prev_Confirmed']
covid_india_df.drop('Prev_Confirmed',inplace = True,axis=1)

#Add New Recovered Cases
covid_india_df['Prev_Recovered'] = covid_india_df.groupby('Province_State')['Recovered'].shift(1)
covid_india_df['New Recovered'] = covid_india_df['Recovered'] - covid_india_df['Prev_Recovered']
covid_india_df.drop('Prev_Recovered',inplace = True,axis=1)

#Add New Deaths Cases
covid_india_df['Prev_Deaths'] = covid_india_df.groupby('Province_State')['Deaths'].shift(1)
covid_india_df['New Deaths'] = covid_india_df['Deaths'] - covid_india_df['Prev_Deaths']
covid_india_df.drop('Prev_Deaths',inplace = True,axis=1)
In [53]:
#check Null
covid_india_df.isnull().sum()
Out[53]:
Date               0
Time               0
Province_State     0
Recovered          0
Deaths             0
Confirmed          0
New Cases         42
New Recovered     42
New Deaths        42
dtype: int64
In [54]:
#few Null data So, Remove it
covid_india_df['New Cases'].fillna(0, inplace=True)
covid_india_df['New Recovered'].fillna(0, inplace=True)
covid_india_df['New Deaths'].fillna(0, inplace=True)
In [55]:
#Type Check
covid_india_df['New Deaths'].dtypes
Out[55]:
dtype('float64')
In [56]:
#Type Change into integer
covid_india_df['New Deaths'] = covid_india_df['New Deaths'].astype(int)
covid_india_df['New Cases'] = covid_india_df['New Cases'].astype(int)
covid_india_df['New Recovered'] = covid_india_df['New Recovered'].astype(int)
In [57]:
covid_india_df['Province_State'].unique()
Out[57]:
array(['Kerala', 'Telengana', 'Delhi', 'Rajasthan', 'Uttar Pradesh',
       'Haryana', 'Ladakh', 'Tamil Nadu', 'Karnataka', 'Maharashtra',
       'Punjab', 'Jammu and Kashmir', 'Andhra Pradesh', 'Uttarakhand',
       'Odisha', 'Puducherry', 'West Bengal', 'Chhattisgarh',
       'Chandigarh', 'Gujarat', 'Himachal Pradesh', 'Madhya Pradesh',
       'Bihar', 'Manipur', 'Mizoram', 'Andaman and Nicobar Islands',
       'Goa', 'Unassigned', 'Assam', 'Jharkhand', 'Arunachal Pradesh',
       'Tripura', 'Nagaland', 'Meghalaya', 'Dadar Nagar Haveli',
       'Cases being reassigned to states', 'Sikkim', 'Daman & Diu',
       'Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu', 'Telangana',
       'Telangana***', 'Telengana***'], dtype=object)
In [58]:
#Remove non State data
#Drop 'Cases being reassigned to states' &  'Unassigned'
df_dump = covid_india_df['Province_State']=='Unassigned'
covid_india_df.drop(covid_india_df[df_dump].index,inplace=True)
df_dump = covid_india_df['Province_State']=='Cases being reassigned to states'
covid_india_df.drop(covid_india_df[df_dump].index,inplace=True)
In [59]:
def change_state_name(state):
    if state == 'Odisha':
        return 'Orissa'
    elif state == 'Telengana':
        return 'Telangana'
    return state

covid_india_df['Province_State'] = covid_india_df.apply(lambda x: change_state_name(x['Province_State']), axis=1)
In [60]:
last_date = covid_india_df.Date.max()
state_cases = covid_india_df.copy()
state_cases = state_cases[state_cases['Date']==last_date]
state_cases.drop(['Date','Time', 'New Cases','New Recovered','New Deaths'],inplace = True,axis=1)
In [61]:
#Add Active, Deaths/Recovered, Mortality & Recovered Rate(per 100)
state_cases['Active'] = state_cases['Confirmed'] - (state_cases['Deaths']+state_cases['Recovered'])
state_cases['Active'] = state_cases['Active'].astype(int)
state_cases["Mortality Rate(per 100)"] = np.round(100*state_cases["Deaths"]/state_cases["Confirmed"],2)
state_cases["Recovered Rate(per 100)"] = np.round(100*state_cases["Recovered"]/state_cases["Confirmed"],2)
In [62]:
state_cases.reset_index(drop=True,inplace=True)
state_cases.head()
Out[62]:
In [63]:
#Day wise Copy Data
covid_india_dayswise_df =  covid_india_df.groupby('Date').sum().reset_index() 
covid_india_dayswise_df.head()
Out[63]:
In [64]:
#check Null
covid_india_dayswise_df.isnull().sum()
Out[64]:
Date             0
Recovered        0
Deaths           0
Confirmed        0
New Cases        0
New Recovered    0
New Deaths       0
dtype: int64
In [65]:
#Add Deaths/Recovered, Mortality & Recovered Rate(per 100)
covid_india_df["Mortality Rate(per 100)"] = np.round(100*covid_india_df["Deaths"]/covid_india_df["Confirmed"],2)
covid_india_df["Recovered Rate(per 100)"] = np.round(100*covid_india_df["Recovered"]/covid_india_df["Confirmed"],2)
In [66]:
#check Null
covid_india_df.isnull().sum()
Out[66]:
Date                       0
Time                       0
Province_State             0
Recovered                  0
Deaths                     0
Confirmed                  0
New Cases                  0
New Recovered              0
New Deaths                 0
Mortality Rate(per 100)    7
Recovered Rate(per 100)    7
dtype: int64
In [67]:
#few Null data So, Remove it
covid_india_df['Mortality Rate(per 100)'] = covid_india_df['Mortality Rate(per 100)'].replace(np.nan, 0)
covid_india_df['Recovered Rate(per 100)'] = covid_india_df['Recovered Rate(per 100)'].replace(np.nan, 0)
In [68]:
#check Null
covid_india_df.isnull().sum()
Out[68]:
Date                       0
Time                       0
Province_State             0
Recovered                  0
Deaths                     0
Confirmed                  0
New Cases                  0
New Recovered              0
New Deaths                 0
Mortality Rate(per 100)    0
Recovered Rate(per 100)    0
dtype: int64
In [69]:
import jovian
In [70]:
jovian.commit()
[jovian] Attempting to save notebook.. [jovian] Updating notebook "abhijeetraj22/zerotopandas-course-project-covid19-in-india" on https://jovian.ml/ [jovian] Uploading notebook.. [jovian] Capturing environment.. [jovian] Committed successfully! https://jovian.ml/abhijeetraj22/zerotopandas-course-project-covid19-in-india
Out[70]:
'https://jovian.ml/abhijeetraj22/zerotopandas-course-project-covid19-in-india'

Exploratory Analysis and Visualization

TODO - write some explanation here.

Instructions (delete this cell)

  • Compute the mean, sum, range and other interesting statistics for numeric columns
  • Explore distributions of numeric columns using histograms etc.
  • Explore relationship between columns using scatter plots, bar charts etc.
  • Make a note of interesting insights from the exploratory analysis

Install plotly-express

In [71]:
!pip install plotly-express
Requirement already satisfied: plotly-express in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (0.4.1) Requirement already satisfied: statsmodels>=0.9.0 in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from plotly-express) (0.12.0) Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.11 in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from plotly-express) (1.19.1) Requirement already satisfied: plotly>=4.1.0 in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from plotly-express) (4.11.0) Requirement already satisfied: patsy>=0.5 in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from plotly-express) (0.5.1) Requirement already satisfied: pandas>=0.20.0 in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from plotly-express) (1.1.2) Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=0.18 in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from plotly-express) (1.5.2) Requirement already satisfied: six in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from plotly>=4.1.0->plotly-express) (1.15.0) Requirement already satisfied: retrying>=1.3.3 in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from plotly>=4.1.0->plotly-express) (1.3.3) Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2017.2 in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pandas>=0.20.0->plotly-express) (2020.1) Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.7.3 in /srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pandas>=0.20.0->plotly-express) (2.8.1)

Let's begin by importingmatplotlib.pyplot and seaborn.

In [72]:
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import plotly_express as px
%matplotlib inline

sns.set_style('darkgrid')
matplotlib.rcParams['font.size'] = 14
matplotlib.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (9, 5)
matplotlib.rcParams['figure.facecolor'] = '#00000000'

Q1. What is the total number of COVID-19 cases in India?

Total Reported Cases

In [73]:
total_cases = state_cases.copy()
total_cases.drop(['Province_State','Mortality Rate(per 100)','Recovered Rate(per 100)'],inplace = True,axis=1)
total = total_cases.sum()
total.name = "Total"
df_t = pd.DataFrame(total,dtype=float).transpose()
df_t["Mortality Rate(per 100)"] = np.round(100*df_t["Deaths"]/df_t["Confirmed"],2)
df_t.style.background_gradient(cmap='Purples',axis=1).format("{:.2f}").format("{:.0f}",subset=["Confirmed","Deaths","Recovered","Active"])
Out[73]:
In [74]:
india_confirmed = total.Confirmed
india_active = total.Active
india_recovered = total.Recovered
india_deaths = total.Deaths
labels = ['Active','Recovered','Deaths']
sizes = [india_active,india_recovered,india_deaths]
color= ['#66b3ff','green','red']
explode = []

for i in labels:
    explode.append(0.02)

plt.figure(figsize= (15,5))
plt.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=9, explode =explode,colors = color)
centre_circle = plt.Circle((0,0),0.30,fc='white')

fig = plt.gcf()
fig.gca().add_artist(centre_circle)
plt.title('India COVID-19 Cases',fontsize = 20)
plt.axis('equal')  
plt.tight_layout()
A total of 6757131 COVID-19 confirmed cases have been reported in Indian as from 07. October 2020 with 907883 active cases (13.4%),5744693 cured/discharged (85.0%),and 104555 deaths (1.5%).

Statewise Insights

In [76]:
state_cases_df = state_cases.copy()
state_cases_df = state_cases_df.set_index("Province_State")
state_cases_df.sort_values('Confirmed', ascending= False).fillna(0).style.background_gradient(cmap='Blues',subset=["Confirmed"])\
                        .background_gradient(cmap='Reds',subset=["Deaths"])\
                        .background_gradient(cmap='Greens',subset=["Recovered"])\
                        .background_gradient(cmap='Purples',subset=["Active"])\
                        .background_gradient(cmap='YlOrBr',subset=["Mortality Rate(per 100)"])\
                        .background_gradient(cmap='Greens_r',subset=["Recovered Rate(per 100)"])
Out[76]:
Maharashtra state is the most recent with COVID-19 cases 1179726

India COVID19 Cases growth (Day Wise)

In [77]:
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 10))
ax.clear()
#fig = sns.lineplot(x="Date",y="Active",data = covid_india_dayswise_df ,color="y",label="Active")
fig = sns.lineplot(x="Date",y="Recovered",data = covid_india_dayswise_df ,color="green",label="Recovered")
fig = sns.lineplot(x="Date",y="Deaths",data = covid_india_dayswise_df ,color="r",label="Deaths")
fig = sns.lineplot(x="Date",y="Confirmed",data = covid_india_dayswise_df ,color="c",label="Confirmed")
fig.set_xlabel('Date\n',size=15,color='#4bb4f2') 
fig.set_ylabel('Number of Cases\n',size=15,color='#4bb4f2') 
fig.set_title('India Covid-19 Cases',size=25,color='navy')
fig.ticklabel_format(style='plain', axis='y',useOffset=False)
In [78]:
df1 = covid_india_dayswise_df.melt(id_vars='Date', value_vars=['New Cases','New Deaths','New Recovered'], 
                 var_name='Cases', value_name='Cases Count')
fig = px.line(df1, x="Date", y="Cases Count",color='Cases')
fig.update_layout(title="India Covid-19 Daily Cases", xaxis_title="", yaxis_title="")
fig.show()

TODO - Explore one or more columns by plotting a graph below, and add some explanation about it

Covid19 State Wise

In [94]:
fig = px.line(covid_india_df,x='Date', y='Confirmed', color='Province_State',title='India growth COVID19 Cases ')
fig.show()
From the above line plots for the top 20 affected countries:
  • The cases and deaths are monotonically increasing(almost exponentially) for rest of the states.
  • Maharashtra & Andhra Pradesh states has shown the greatest rise in the number of Confirmed & deaths Cases. Karnataka states on the other hand having the 3rd highest rise in Confirmed Cases.

TODO - Explore one or more columns by plotting a graph below, and add some explanation about it

Top 10 States

Bar Plot Analysis

In [82]:
def plot_hbar(df, col, n, hover_data=[]):
    fig = px.bar(df.sort_values(col).tail(n), 
                 x=col, y="Province_State", color='Province_State',  
                 text=col, orientation='h', width=700, hover_data=hover_data,
                 color_discrete_sequence = px.colors.qualitative.Dark24)
    fig.update_layout(title=col, xaxis_title="", yaxis_title="", 
                      yaxis_categoryorder = 'total ascending',
                      uniformtext_minsize=8, uniformtext_mode='hide')
    fig.show()
In [85]:
plot_hbar(state_cases, 'Confirmed', 10)
In [88]:
plot_hbar(state_cases, 'Deaths', 10)
In [89]:
plot_hbar(state_cases, 'Recovered', 10)
In [90]:
plot_hbar(state_cases, 'Active', 10)

Mortality Rate

For any epidemic the one of the most important evaluation is Mortality Rate. It is the measure of number of deaths in a particular population during a specific interval.
In [86]:
plot_hbar(state_cases, 'Mortality Rate(per 100)', 10)

Recovered Rate

It is the measure of number of recovered in a particular population during a specific interval.
In [87]:
plot_hbar(state_cases, 'Recovered Rate(per 100)', 10)

TODO - Explore one or more columns by plotting a graph below, and add some explanation about it

India Confirmed vs Deaths (Scale in log10)

In [91]:
fig = px.scatter(state_cases.sort_values('Deaths', ascending=False).iloc[:20, :], 
                 x='Confirmed', y='Deaths', color='Province_State', size='Confirmed', 
                 height=700, text='Province_State', log_x=True, log_y=True, 
                 title='Confirmed vs Deaths (Scale in log10)')
fig.update_traces(textposition='top center')
fig.update_layout(showlegend=False)
fig.update_layout(xaxis_rangeslider_visible=True)
fig.show()

Let us save and upload our work to Jovian before continuing

In [101]:
import jovian
In [ ]:
jovian.commit()
[jovian] Attempting to save notebook..

Asking and Answering Questions

TODO - write some explanation here.

Instructions (delete this cell)

  • Ask at least 5 interesting questions about your dataset
  • Answer the questions either by computing the results using Numpy/Pandas or by plotting graphs using Matplotlib/Seaborn
  • Create new columns, merge multiple dataset and perform grouping/aggregation wherever necessary
  • Wherever you're using a library function from Pandas/Numpy/Matplotlib etc. explain briefly what it does
Q1: What is the total number of active COVID-19 cases in India?
In [100]:
print("The total number of active COVID-19 cases in India  is {a}.".format(a = india_active))
The total number of active COVID-19 cases in India is 907883.
In [98]:
india_active
Out[98]:
907883
In [ ]:
Q2. Which state is the most recent with COVID-19 case?
In [ ]:
In [ ]:
print("A total of {a} COVID-19 confirmed cases have been reported in Indian \
as from {date} with {b} active cases ({ap:.1f}%),{c} cured/discharged ({rp:.1f}%),\
and {d} deaths ({dp:.1f}%).".format(a = india_confirmed,date = last_date.strftime("%d. %B %Y"),b = india_active,ap=(india_active/india_confirmed)*100 \
                                    ,c = india_recovered,rp=(india_recovered/india_confirmed)*100 \
                                    ,d = india_deaths,dp=(india_deaths/india_confirmed)*100))
In [ ]:
Q3: TODO - ask a question here and answer it below
In [ ]:
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Q4: TODO - ask a question here and answer it below
In [ ]:
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Q5: TODO - ask a question here and answer it below
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Let us save and upload our work to Jovian before continuing.

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import jovian
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jovian.commit()

Inferences and Conclusion

TODO - Write some explanation here: a summary of all the inferences drawn from the analysis, and any conclusions you may have drawn by answering various questions.

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import jovian
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jovian.commit()

References and Future Work

TODO - Write some explanation here: ideas for future projects using this dataset, and links to resources you found useful.

Submission Instructions (delete this cell)

(Optional) Write a blog post

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import jovian
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jovian.commit()
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