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Assignment 1 - Introduction to Machine Learning

For this assignment, you will be using the Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Database to create a classifier that can help diagnose patients. First, read through the description of the dataset (below).

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

cancer = load_breast_cancer()

#print(cancer.DESCR) # Print the data set description
print(cancer.DESCR)
Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Database ============================================= Notes ----- Data Set Characteristics: :Number of Instances: 569 :Number of Attributes: 30 numeric, predictive attributes and the class :Attribute Information: - radius (mean of distances from center to points on the perimeter) - texture (standard deviation of gray-scale values) - perimeter - area - smoothness (local variation in radius lengths) - compactness (perimeter^2 / area - 1.0) - concavity (severity of concave portions of the contour) - concave points (number of concave portions of the contour) - symmetry - fractal dimension ("coastline approximation" - 1) The mean, standard error, and "worst" or largest (mean of the three largest values) of these features were computed for each image, resulting in 30 features. For instance, field 3 is Mean Radius, field 13 is Radius SE, field 23 is Worst Radius. - class: - WDBC-Malignant - WDBC-Benign :Summary Statistics: ===================================== ====== ====== Min Max ===================================== ====== ====== radius (mean): 6.981 28.11 texture (mean): 9.71 39.28 perimeter (mean): 43.79 188.5 area (mean): 143.5 2501.0 smoothness (mean): 0.053 0.163 compactness (mean): 0.019 0.345 concavity (mean): 0.0 0.427 concave points (mean): 0.0 0.201 symmetry (mean): 0.106 0.304 fractal dimension (mean): 0.05 0.097 radius (standard error): 0.112 2.873 texture (standard error): 0.36 4.885 perimeter (standard error): 0.757 21.98 area (standard error): 6.802 542.2 smoothness (standard error): 0.002 0.031 compactness (standard error): 0.002 0.135 concavity (standard error): 0.0 0.396 concave points (standard error): 0.0 0.053 symmetry (standard error): 0.008 0.079 fractal dimension (standard error): 0.001 0.03 radius (worst): 7.93 36.04 texture (worst): 12.02 49.54 perimeter (worst): 50.41 251.2 area (worst): 185.2 4254.0 smoothness (worst): 0.071 0.223 compactness (worst): 0.027 1.058 concavity (worst): 0.0 1.252 concave points (worst): 0.0 0.291 symmetry (worst): 0.156 0.664 fractal dimension (worst): 0.055 0.208 ===================================== ====== ====== :Missing Attribute Values: None :Class Distribution: 212 - Malignant, 357 - Benign :Creator: Dr. William H. Wolberg, W. Nick Street, Olvi L. Mangasarian :Donor: Nick Street :Date: November, 1995 This is a copy of UCI ML Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) datasets. https://goo.gl/U2Uwz2 Features are computed from a digitized image of a fine needle aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass. They describe characteristics of the cell nuclei present in the image. Separating plane described above was obtained using Multisurface Method-Tree (MSM-T) [K. P. Bennett, "Decision Tree Construction Via Linear Programming." Proceedings of the 4th Midwest Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Society, pp. 97-101, 1992], a classification method which uses linear programming to construct a decision tree. Relevant features were selected using an exhaustive search in the space of 1-4 features and 1-3 separating planes. The actual linear program used to obtain the separating plane in the 3-dimensional space is that described in: [K. P. Bennett and O. L. Mangasarian: "Robust Linear Programming Discrimination of Two Linearly Inseparable Sets", Optimization Methods and Software 1, 1992, 23-34]. This database is also available through the UW CS ftp server: ftp ftp.cs.wisc.edu cd math-prog/cpo-dataset/machine-learn/WDBC/ References ---------- - W.N. Street, W.H. Wolberg and O.L. Mangasarian. Nuclear feature extraction for breast tumor diagnosis. IS&T/SPIE 1993 International Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, volume 1905, pages 861-870, San Jose, CA, 1993. - O.L. Mangasarian, W.N. Street and W.H. Wolberg. Breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis via linear programming. Operations Research, 43(4), pages 570-577, July-August 1995. - W.H. Wolberg, W.N. Street, and O.L. Mangasarian. Machine learning techniques to diagnose breast cancer from fine-needle aspirates. Cancer Letters 77 (1994) 163-171.

The object returned by load_breast_cancer() is a scikit-learn Bunch object, which is similar to a dictionary.